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HemeraScope · EventsDemo
HemeraScope · Events

Survey results

Attendee travel survey: what came back, what we extrapolated, and how.

Responses
312
of 450 tickets
Response rate
69.3%
Above the 60% target
Non-responders
138
Extrapolated by mode-mix
Survey window
14 days
Pre-event + 7-day grace

Mode mix (post-extrapolation)

Rail48.0% · 216 pax
Car (petrol/diesel)31.3% · 141 pax
Coach12.2% · 55 pax
Short-haul flight5.8% · 26 pax
Walk / cycle2.7% · 12 pax

Shares are of the 450 ticket holders (the other 10 of the 460 attendees are speakers and crew, counted on their own lines) and aggregate respondent responses with the statistical projection for non-responders. The projection holds the mode-mix constant within each distance band, not across the whole event; short-haul mix is calculated separately from local mix.

Sample of responses

RefOriginModeMilesNightsBand
R-0042SE1, GBWalk / cycle200-25
R-0117M14, GBRail1981100-500
R-0128EH9, GBRail4121100-500
R-0149CF24, GBCar (petrol/diesel)1521100-500
R-0162G2, GBRail3721100-500
R-0188B15, GBRail1100100-500
R-020375008, FRShort-haul flight2181100-500
R-0221NW3, GBWalk / cycle600-25
R-02471011, NLShort-haul flight2301100-500
R-0259BS1, GBCoach1180100-500
R-027428001, ESShort-haul flight7852500+
R-0301LE1, GBCar (petrol/diesel)1050100-500
Showing 12 of 312. Postcodes truncated to outward code; ticket refs anonymised.Privacy preserved

Distance bands

0 to 25 miles
22.4%
101 pax
25 to 100 miles
31.8%
143 pax
100 to 500 miles
37.6%
169 pax
500+ miles
8.2%
37 pax

Bands feed both the survey UI ("how far did you come?") and the extrapolation: we project mode-mix within each band rather than mixing short-haul and long-haul into one bucket, because the factors differ by an order of magnitude.

Non-responder treatment

138 attendees (30.7%) did not respond.

We do not assume they travelled the same way as respondents on average. We extrapolate the mode-mix within each distance band, then apply that mix to the unknown attendees by best-available distance signal (ticket origin postcode where captured at sale, country-of-purchase otherwise).

The extrapolation is recorded separately.

The projection is recorded as a separate set of activity records with a source="extrapolated" flag, so the methodology PDF can disclose which portion of the headline is statistically projected and which is direct.

Survey questions and validation mirror the eight v1 transport modes accepted by the real attendee survey API: car, coach, rail, ferry, short-haul flight, long-haul flight, walk/cycle, EV car.

Non-responder imputation: the maths

138 of 450 ticket holders (30.7%) did not respond to the survey. Their travel emissions are imputed, not ignored. The imputation method and the additional σ it contributes are documented here so a reader can check the assumption.

Method

The respondent mode-mix is projected onto the non-responder count per (mode × distance-band) bucket, multiplied by the bucket's mean miles per attendee. Extrapolated buckets are kept separate from respondent records and carry an additional log-space σ of 0.50 × (1 − response rate), composed in quadrature with the bucket's structural σ. No imputation for accommodation: none was reported for this event, so the footprint has no accommodation line.

Uncertainty added
  • Imputed kgCO₂e: 1,455
  • Line σ: 533 kgCO₂e (36.6% of the line)
  • Cohort mean kg/attendee: 11
  • Imputation σ component: 29.1% of the line
  • Formula: σimputation = 0.50 × (1 − 0.693) = 0.154 (log space), composed in quadrature

The imputation appears as a discrete line in Cat 6: Travel rather than being silently rolled into other lines, so a reader can isolate the imputation contribution independently.